The co-founder of Ethereum Vitalik Buterin warned that layer 2 networks should only pass the complete decentralization that when their underlying evidence is very reliable.
In an article of May 5 shared on X (formerly Twitter), Buterin stressed that the advancement of “stage 2” decentralization must be accompanied by solid technical guarantees to avoid introducing unnecessary risks.
He said:
“A good reminder that step 2 is not the only thing that matters to safety: the quality of the underlying evidence system is also important.”
He explained that the level of decentralization of a network should align with the maturity and reliability of its evidence. Buterin argued that decentralization can cause more harm than good if the system remains subject to errors.
Buterin’s remarks come in response to a suggestion by Daniel Wang, founder of the Loopring Foundation, who proposed a new “2-contained internship” label to highlight layer-2 solutions that have undergone real stress conditions.
According to Wang, such a label would indicate that the code has undergone rigorous tests and is more reliable in living environments. He added:
“A Rollup is #Batteted if its code and current configurations have been live on Ethereum MAINNET for more than 6 months, and has always obtained more than $ 100 million on TVL – with at least $ 50 million ETH and a major Stablecoin.”
Buterin illustrates why the proof system counts
Buterin recognized Wang’s position, while illustrating a risk model where each member of the Security Council has 10% of independent failure.
This includes potential security problems, such as the signature of incorrect data or life problems that have led to their unavailability or their reluctance to sign data.
Buterin recognized that this model is imperfect due to vulnerabilities of the real world, such as collusion or coordinated hacks, also called common fashion failures.
Given this, he noted that going to step 2 earlier than modeled can sometimes be the best choice, especially as the quality of the evidence is improving.
Meanwhile, Buterin also proposed to use multi-signating configurations (multisig) with several independent systems to reduce the risk of a single failure point in evidence.
He argued that the probability of a failure of a protocol is closely linked to the strength of its evidence mechanism, in particular to advanced security stages.
The co-founder of Ethereum warned that the deployment of a stage 2 model with a low stage 0 evidence system could be the worst case.
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